One major implication of managing change presented in the text is that change is a process where there is a complex and not necessarily predictable relationship between actions and outcomes. With this backdrop, describe one or two main concepts presented in this course that you believe can be of most use to you as a change manager.
AT LEAST ONE CITATION FROM ATTACHMENT
Chapter讐r綴
Sust訓nm9 Change ve『sus
豊n菖t脳t~e Decay
Learning objectives
Bytheendofthlschapteryoushouldbeableto:
国璽圃圃圃
UnderstandtheCausesofinitiativedecay threatstothesustainabilityof
chan9e.
Distinguishbetweenchangeinitiativesthatare“bla
notbesustained,andthosethatare“praiseworthy. ”
ー国璽圃璽圃
Distinguishbetweenchangeinitiativesthatare‘‘blamevvorthy′andshould
圏圏瞳園
1dentifyandapp1yactionsthatcancontributetothesustainabi1ityofChange・
圏圃 圏 圃
Understandthepitfa--sthatcanar鷹e whenseekingtosustainchange,
romokeod/’?;erence. ”
TomBrokaw,journalist
356
ChaPte「11
S”srq′′7′′7gC’?”′7gel’餅敬′s方7mqmieDecのノ
馴霞圏圏
lnitiative Decay andlmProvementEVaPoration
Yourreorganization was
implemented
successfully.Significantbenefits were
achieved.
Revisitingtheinitiativesomemonthslater,however,youfindthatthenew workingprac-
ticesandincreasedperFormance1eve1sappearnottohaVebeen maintained,Thingshave
gonebackto wherethey werebe危reyoustarted. How didthishappen? UnFortunately, thisisacommonstory.Evensuccessfulinitiativescandecay,leadingto“theimprovement
evaporatione節ect”asthegainsarelost.
Formanyorga山Zations,itisastrategic 無]perativetoembed,tohave“stickab近t% ”andto
ma血tainchangesandtheircontributiontoper危rmance,TMSchapterfbcusesontheProblems
ofsusta出血gchangeandonthepracticalstepsthatcanbetakentoincreasetheprobab近ty thatchangesonceimplementedwiuendure,thattheywiUbecomeinstitutionalにedandregarded
asnormalpractice,T垣sisnotanewProblem,hiwingbeen魚mouslyident近edbyLewin(1951)
astheneedto“re丘eeze“behavioroncechangehastakenplace.TheattentionofPractic血g
managersandacadetnlcresearchershas危cusedonthefirsttwostagesofhismodel, “ulぜreez-
ingand“moving. ”T1eproblem ofre丑eezing,orsusta”lingchange,islesswellunderstood.
nleremaybeawidesPreadassumptionthatifchangeshavebeensuccessful,theywinauto‐
maticallybesustained.11]atassumption,however,appearstobeincorrect.Susta”lingchange
may中somecasesbemoredif6‐cultthan加lplementingchange中thefirstP1ace,
Findon 海umbe, ”OCM:Sustaining Change“(2017,3:33 minutes),
SustaiPab道tyゴ畝lpliesthatnew work血g methodsandperあrmancelevelsare maintained
あran appropriateperiod orthatnew practices
and processes areroutもロizedunt旦they
becomeobsolete,W′hatarethecausesofimtiat~edecayγwhatstePscanbetakento加crease
theprobab道tythatchangesw皿besustainedandbecomeembeddedintheorganizationas
routinepractice?Aswehaveexploredinotherchapters,whatisconsideredtobeachievable
withregardtosusta血血gchangedePendsonhow managi鴎gchangeisunderstood.Theviews
ofsustainabi亘ty丘omeachinlageofchange managementaresummarizedintablell,1,
TABLEII] lmagesofD4anagingandSustainingChange
-mage
ViewofSustainability
D′rector
ltistheresponsibilityofthechangemanagertodesignthechangeprocessanddirect
otherstocomply,toensurethatplannedobjectivesareachieved.
~ov′goto「
Thechangemanagerdesignsthechangeprocesstofitthecontext,recognizingthat
modificationswillberequiredandthattheoutcomemaynotbeasintended.
Coretoker
Changeoutcomeswillbedeterminedprimarilybycontextualfactors,andnotby
managementintervention.
CO。ch
Thechangemanager’smainroleistohelpotherstodevelopthecapabilitiesnecessary
toachievetheintendedoutcomesofthechange.
′〃terPrefer
Thechangemanagerdevelopsanunderstandingofthemeaningandsignificanceofthe
changesandwhatwi=countassuccessfuloutcomes.
~urlurer
Changeoutcomesareinconstantfluxandarelargelybeyondmanagementcontrol.
Chapterll
s”財α′″/″g‐c力α〃gel’ers”sZ″′『′α互veDeじのノ
357
Robe「tReisner(2002)examinestheU.S.Posta-Ser‐
vice,which
during
the
l99os, ‘‘transformed
itself
fromthebuttofsitcomjokesintoaprofitableand
efficiententerprisざ{P,45).By2001,however,mo‐
ra-eandperformancewerelowandlosseswerepre‐
dicted.VVhywasthetransformation
notsustained?
Reisner(vicepresidentforstrategicp-anning)b-ames
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